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Grammar
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Passive Sentences; Active & Passive Voice
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Passive, part 1
What is passive
voice?
Passive sentences
have the same meaning as simple (active voice) sentences, but with (1) a
change the order of subject & object, (2) the addition of an auxiliary,
usually get or be, (3) a change in verb form, and (4) the
addition of by or another preposition before the “agent”
noun –
or sometimes the omission of the agent.
Links: Confusing
Word Endings: The –d/-ed/’d
Endings
Passive, part 2
A linking verb or
intransitive verb cannot be made passive What is passive
voice?
Passive sentences
have the same meaning as simple (active voice) sentences, but with (1) a
change the order of subject & object, (2) the addition of an auxiliary,
usually get or be, (3) a change in verb form, and (4) the
addition of by or another preposition before the “agent”
noun –
or sometimes the omission of the agent.
Links: Confusing
Word Endings: The –d/-ed/’d
Endings Further
Reading: In Writing Clearly:
An Editing Guide (2nd edition), see pages 88-97 In Eye on Editing 2,
see pages 37-40 In Read, Write, Edit:
Grammar for College Writers, see pages 68-92
Confusion of
active/passive with a participial modifier
Links: Confusing
Word Endings: The –d/-ed/’d
Endings Further
Reading: In Writing Clearly:
An Editing Guide (2nd edition), see pages 93, 97 In Eye on Editing 2,
see pages 37-40 In Read, Write, Edit:
Grammar for College Writers, see pages 68-92
Passive cannot be
used with an intransitive or linking verb What is passive
voice?
Passive sentences
have the same meaning as simple (active voice) sentences, but with (1) a
change the order of subject & object, (2) the addition of an auxiliary,
usually get or be, (3) a change in verb form, and (4) the
addition of by or another preposition before the “agent”
noun –
or sometimes the omission of the agent.
Links: Confusing
Word Endings: The –d/-ed/’d
Endings Further
Reading: In Writing Clearly:
An Editing Guide (2nd edition), see pages 88-97 In Eye on Editing 2,
see pages 37-40 In Read, Write, Edit:
Grammar for College Writers, see pages 68-92 Passive cannot be
used with this word order Links: Confusing
Word Endings: The –d/-ed/’d
Endings Further
Reading: In Writing Clearly:
An Editing Guide (2nd edition), see pages 88-97 In Eye on Editing 2,
see pages 37-40 In Read, Write, Edit:
Grammar for College Writers, see pages 68-92
Passive, part 6
Passive is weak here;
use active instead What is passive
voice?
Passive sentences
have the same meaning as simple (active voice) sentences, but with (1) a
change the order of subject & object, (2) the addition of an auxiliary,
usually get or be, (3) a change in verb form, and (4) the
addition of by or another preposition before the “agent”
noun –
or sometimes the omission of the agent.
Links: Confusing
Word Endings: The –d/-ed/’d
Endings Further
Reading: In Writing Clearly:
An Editing Guide (2nd edition), see pages 93, 97 In Eye on Editing 2,
see pages 37-40 In Read, Write, Edit:
Grammar for College Writers, see pages 68-92
Passive, part 7
Problem with passive
in a relative clause What is passive
voice?
Passive sentences
have the same meaning as simple (active voice) sentences, but with (1) a
change the order of subject & object, (2) the addition of an auxiliary,
usually get or be, (3) a change in verb form, and (4) the
addition of by or another preposition before the “agent”
noun –
or sometimes the omission of the agent.
Links: Confusing
Word Endings: The –d/-ed/’d
Endings Further
Reading: In Writing Clearly:
An Editing Guide (2nd edition), see pages 88-97 In Eye on Editing 2,
see pages 37-40 In Read, Write, Edit:
Grammar for College Writers, see pages 68-92
Passive, part 8
Problem with passive
infinitive Links: Confusing
Word Endings: The –d/-ed/’d
Endings Further
Reading: In Writing Clearly:
An Editing Guide (2nd edition), see pages 88-97 In Eye on Editing 2,
see pages 37-40 In Read, Write, Edit:
Grammar for College Writers, see pages 68-92
Passive, part 9
Problem with the
auxiliary verb in a passive construction What is passive
voice?
Passive sentences
have the same meaning as simple (active voice) sentences, but with (1) a
change the order of subject & object, (2) the addition of an auxiliary,
usually get or be, (3) a change in verb form, and (4) the
addition of by or another preposition before the “agent”
noun –
or sometimes the omission of the agent.
Links: Confusing
Word Endings: The –d/-ed/’d
Endings Further
Reading: In Writing Clearly:
An Editing Guide (2nd edition), see pages 88-97 In Eye on Editing 2,
see pages 37-40 In Read, Write, Edit:
Grammar for College Writers, see pages 68-92
Passive, part 10
Problem with word
order in a passive construction What is passive
voice?
Passive sentences
have the same meaning as simple (active voice) sentences, but with (1) a
change the order of subject & object, (2) the addition of an auxiliary,
usually get or be, (3) a change in verb form, and (4) the
addition of by or another preposition before the “agent”
noun –
or sometimes the omission of the agent.
Links: Confusing
Word Endings: The –d/-ed/’d
Endings Further
Reading: In Writing Clearly:
An Editing Guide (2nd edition), see pages 88-97 In Eye on Editing 2,
see pages 37-40 In Read, Write, Edit:
Grammar for College Writers, see pages 68-92
This sentence should
be active, not passive What is passive
voice?
Passive sentences
have the same meaning as simple (active voice) sentences, but with (1) a
change the order of subject & object, (2) the addition of an auxiliary,
usually get or be, (3) a change in verb form, and (4) the
addition of by or another preposition before the “agent”
noun –
or sometimes the omission of the agent.
Links: Confusing
Word Endings: The –d/-ed/’d
Endings Further
Reading: In Writing Clearly:
An Editing Guide (2nd edition), see pages 93, 97 In Eye on Editing 2,
see pages 37-40 In Read, Write, Edit:
Grammar for College Writers, see pages 68-92
Passive, part 12
This sentence should
be passive, not active What is passive
voice?
Passive sentences
have the same meaning as simple (active voice) sentences, but with (1) a
change the order of subject & object, (2) the addition of an auxiliary,
usually get or be, (3) a change in verb form, and (4) the
addition of by or another preposition before the “agent”
noun –
or sometimes the omission of the agent.
Links: Confusing
Word Endings: The –d/-ed/’d
Endings Further
Reading: In Writing Clearly:
An Editing Guide (2nd edition), see pages 93, 97 In Eye on Editing 2,
see pages 37-40 In Read, Write, Edit:
Grammar for College Writers, see pages 68-92
Wrong verb form with a
passive construction
What is passive
voice?
Passive sentences
have the same meaning as simple (active voice) sentences, but with (1) a
change the order of subject & object, (2) the addition of an auxiliary,
usually get or be, (3) a change in verb form, and (4) the
addition of by or another preposition before the “agent”
noun –
or sometimes the omission of the agent.
Links: Confusing
Word Endings: The –d/-ed/’d
Endings Further
Reading: In Writing Clearly: An Editing Guide (2nd edition), see
pages 29-43; 88-97 In Eye on Editing 2, see pages 37-40; 124 In Read, Write, Edit: Grammar for College Writers,
see pages 68-92; 169
Confusing Word Endings: The –d/-ed/’d
Endings These endings can be
confusing for several reasons: There
are several d suffixes, all pronounced alike. There are two ways to spell them,[1]
and three ways to pronounce them.[2] Sometimes they are difficult to hear,
especially if you are more familiar with a language that doesn’t pay as much
attention to the ends of words or the ends of syllables. Sometimes they are not pronounced at all, but
they still must be spelled. Just
remember to add –d according to the rules, and not according to the
way you think the sentence should sound. Rule 1: Sometimes –d/-ed means simple past
tense. Rule 2: Sometimes –d/-ed means passive voice. Rule 3: Sometimes –d/-ed means perfect tense. [3] Exercise In each sentence, is the
boldfaced verb past, perfect, or passive? (1)Have our journalists and political
leaders and just about everyone else whose head is above the trench in public
life succumbed to the lure of celebrity? (2)By celebrity I mean that condition of
life that someone so aptly characterized as being famous for being
famous. (3)More
and more we seem engrossed in image-enhancing, reputation-boosting,
self-promoting enterprises, whose object is less to tell a story or analyze a
situation or offer an opinion than to draw attention to our own cleverness.[4] Rule 4: Do not omit final –d from the past
tense quasi-auxiliary used to. As teenagers my friends
and I ______ to swim in a canal known as the Big Ditch. (Choose one:
use, used) A subordinating conjunction
is a word that we ______ to connect two clauses. (Choose one: use,
used) Note: Passive voice
is not the same as past tense.
Passive voice can be expressed in any of the past, present, or future
tenses. To identify passive voice,
look for a linking verb, like be, get, or become. If you can’t find a linking verb, try using
one in a paraphrase. Original: The
factory makes fish sticks out of fish trucked in from other
areas. Paraphrase: The
factory makes fish sticks out of fish that is trucked in from
other areas. Original: Interested in improving my physique, I joined a gym. Paraphrase: Because I was interested
in improving my physique; I joined a gym. Rule 5: Sometimes –d/-ed means that an adjective
has been formed from another word. A bearded
gentleman = a gentleman with a _____________________________ . A white-haired
grandmother = a grandmother with _______________________ . A three-legged
stool = a stool with ___________________________________ . A buck-toothed
girl = a girl with _____________________________________ . Rule 6: Apostrophe-d (‘d) can mean a
contracted auxiliary verb—did, had, or would.
(Choose
one: how did / how had / how would)
(Choose
one: how did / how had / how would)
(Choose
one: he did / he had / he would) Rule 7: Apostrophe-d (‘d) can mean past,
perfect, or passive after an abbreviation.
(Choose
one: past, perfect, passive)
(Choose one:
past, perfect, passive) In each sentence, can did,
had, or would be contracted (changed to‘d)? If not, why
is it exceptional? ·
Where did you get
that cool tattoo? ·
Would you like some
tea? ·
He had three
six-packs of tea in the refrigerator. ·
Sally did her
homework five minutes before class. Find and correct 20 errors in the use of final –d. Add, delete, or change the spelling of
final –d, but don’t make any other changes. If you add or leave final –d, indicate whether it is
past, perfect, or passive. Tiger Woods
was raise in a predominantly white middle-class neighborhood, and his friends
were primarily white. Yet by playing a game in which he is part of a
microscopic minority, he has been expose to racism often enough…. If a
questionnaire or application requires Tiger to declared his race, he checks
the box adjacent to Asian. His father has instruct’d him to claim that he is
black when he is in the Unite States and to claim that he is Asian when he is
in the Orient. On matters of race Tiger has frequently emote an aura of
indifference. “I don’t want to be the best black golfer, I want to be the
best golfer.” At
Stanford he settle’d into the routine of school, and although the course work
was rigorous and time-consuming, he found the college atmosphere a comfortable
fit; he had an active social life that he balance expertly with his studies.
But one night the fall of his freshman year, he was returning to his
dormitory after attending a party. He park his car in the lot outside Stern
Hall at 11:10 and began walking toward the building when a man accost him and
held a knife to his throat…The man took [a gold] rope and Woods’s watch, then
hit him in the jaw with the handle of the knife, knocking him to the ground. After the
police were summon, Tiger phone his father and inform him of the attack.
“Dad, remember how I’d a slight overbite?” he said. “Well, my teeth are line
up perfect now.” The incident alarm Earl, who, given his son’s ethnicity and
the nature of the game in which he was excelling, had always worry about
Tiger’s safety. “That’s why I’ve always travel with him,” Earl said. At
tournaments Earl was a one-man security force who always kept one eye on the
gallery. The following day, Tiger spoke with Team Tiger member Jay
Brunza, his sports psychologist, who was call on for damage control, to allay
any fears Tiger might have acquire as a result of the mugging. It must have
been constructive, for that same day Tiger was focus enough to ace a test in
Portuguese Cultural Perspectives.[5]
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