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Grammar
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Sentence Structure
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Sentence Structure, part 1 There are five basic sentence types. All clauses
and sentences can be built out of these types. All these sentence types have
a subject and a verb. What distinguishes each type is the type of verb complement
or complements, which are the elements following (“completing”) the verb.
Note: Many errors occur because of a
missing subject, verb, or complement, or because the complement type does not
satisfy the “selection restrictions” of the verb. When you learn a verb, you
learn not only its meaning, but also the range of complement types it can and
cannot take. Here are the sentence elements defined: Subject. The subject of a sentence
is that noun, pronoun, or phrase or clause about which the sentence makes a
statement. Einstein's general theory of relativity has been subjected to many tests of validity over the years.
Verb phrase /
Predicate. The predicate is the rest
of the sentence coming after the subject. It can include the main verb,
subject complement, direct object, indirect object, or object complement. The pressure in a pressurized water reactor varies from system to system.
Subject complement. The subject complement is that noun, pronoun,
adjective, phrase, or clause that comes after a linking verb (some form of
the be verb): The maximum allowable concentration is ten parts H2S per million parts breathable air.
Direct object. A direct object — a noun, pronoun, phrase, or
clause acting as a noun — takes the action of the main verb. A direct object
can be identified by putting what?, which?, or whom? in
its place. The housing assembly of a mechanical pencil contains the mechanical workings of the pencil.
Indirect Object. An indirect object — a noun, pronoun, phrase, or
clause acting as a noun — receives the action expressed in the sentence. It
can be identified by inserting to or for. In the application letter, tell the potential employer that a resume accompanies the letter.
Object complement. An object complement — a noun or adjective
coming after a direct object — adds detail to the direct object. To identify
object complements, insert [to be] between the direct object and
object complement. The supervisor found the program faulty. [2]
Links:
Complement missing
Further Reading: In Read, Write, Edit: Grammar for College
Writers, see pages 141-148 Links:
Complement of the wrong grammatical type
Further Reading: In Read, Write, Edit: Grammar for College
Writers, see pages 141-148 Links: Delete an unnecessary pronoun
Further Reading: In Read, Write, Edit: Grammar for College
Writers, see pages 141-148 Links:
Delete unnecessary words Further Reading: In Read, Write, Edit: Grammar for College
Writers, see pages 141-148 Links:
Double Verb Further Reading: In Read, Write, Edit: Grammar for College
Writers, see pages 141-148 Links:
Problem with comparative
or equative structure
Further Reading: In Writing Clearly: An Editing Guide (2nd
edition), see pages 244-245 Links: Comparative Clauses @ The Internet Grammar of English
Comparative,
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sentence
Structure, part 8
Pronoun missing
Links:
Sentence Structure, part 9
Unnecessary complement Further Reading: In Read, Write, Edit: Grammar for College
Writers, see pages 141-148 Links:
Sentence
Structure, part 10
Verb Missing
Make sure that every sentence has a subject and a
verb.
Links:
Word or words missing
Links:
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Topics: |
[1] Source: Online Technical Writing: Basic Patterns
and Elements of the Sentence. By David A. McMurrey. http://www.io.com/~hcexres/tcm1603/acchtml/twsent.html.
[2] Source: Online Technical Writing: Basic Patterns
and Elements of the Sentence. By David A. McMurrey. http://www.io.com/~hcexres/tcm1603/acchtml/twsent.html.
[3] Adapted from: Online Technical Writing: Basic
Patterns and Elements of the Sentence. By David A. McMurrey. http://www.io.com/~hcexres/tcm1603/acchtml/twsent.html.
[4] Adapted from: Online Technical Writing: Basic Patterns
and Elements of the Sentence. By David A. McMurrey. http://www.io.com/~hcexres/tcm1603/acchtml/twsent.html.
[5] Adapted from: Online Technical Writing: Basic Patterns
and Elements of the Sentence. By David A. McMurrey. http://www.io.com/~hcexres/tcm1603/acchtml/twsent.html.
[5]
[6] Adapted
from: http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/pronouns.html#relpron
[7] Source:
“The
Last Americans: Environmental Collapse and the End of Civilization,”
by Jared Diamond. Harper's Magazine, June 2003.
[8] Source: Reynolds, Susan Salter (2003). “Hunting Whales in West L.A.: Political Correctness, Cultural Imperialism and the Long, Long Journey for the Real Taste of Blubber.” Los Angeles Times, April 27, 2003.